As digitalization reduces the need for large stores, power shifts from product immediacy to control of space, especially if this space becomes a strategic asset beyond its location.

Walmart turns the mall into a rental engine, where its anchor store attracts customers and elevates the property’s value, aligning the commercial ecosystem under its control. Costco, in contrast, does not need to own the development; by positioning itself within a natural consumption hub, it ensures a steady flow of shoppers.

In both cases, the goal is to dominate the space where the purchase occurs and capture the flow of consumers.

But what happens when cities stop growing around commerce and commerce starts designing cities to its specifications?

Urban logic shifts. Stores stop being points of attraction and begin to define access to services, mobility, and the distribution of economic activity. In a model where space is molded to the interests of large chains, the design of cities stops responding solely to social demand and is reconfigured based on commercial strategy.

The development of 800 homes above the new Costco in Baldwin Village exemplifies how commerce shapes urbanism. According to Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, integrating retail and housing will drive local consumption. This project, slated for completion in 2026, is expected to be an unprecedented collaboration between the public and private sectors, promising to create 400 jobs and revitalize the local economy.

However, this model raises crucial questions about the future of urbanization. If commerce can shape cities to its will, who controls access to services and urban spaces?

While public-private partnerships drive development and investment, they can also generate economic power concentration in the hands of a few commercial actors. This could lead to a reconfiguration of cities where decisions about space and services no longer reflect the needs of the community but the logic of consumption.

In Mexico, Costco and Walmart are highly influential. For Costco, the country is its third-largest market, behind the U.S. and Canada, with 41 stores (5% of its global total) and at least one distribution center in Hidalgo, covering over 600,000 square meters. For Walmart, Mexico is its second-largest market, after the U.S., with more than 3,300 stores (about one-third of its global inventory) and several industrial facilities totaling about 6.2 million square meters, according to data from the companies and SiiLA.

This case in Mexico reflects the power of these companies in North America and across dozens of countries, where their economic capabilities allow them to generate economic opportunities and reshape the urban landscape. With their vast infrastructure, Costco and Walmart are transforming not just commerce but the very structure of large cities, where consumption is no longer an activity but the axis around which life itself is organized.

In a context where companies shape what we buy and how we live within designed ecosystems, understanding the performance and development of significant real estate players is essential. For more information, visit SiiLA Resource or email us at contacto@siila.com.mx.